June 2004
Monthly Archive
Jun 23 2004
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英书拾锦 No Comments
Richard A. Posner, Public Intellectuals: A Study of Decline, With a New Preface and Epilogue, Harvard University Press, 2003. 464 pages.
In this timely book, the first comprehensive study of the modern American public intellectual–that individual who speaks to the public on issues of political or ideological moment–Richard Posner charts the decline of a venerable institution that included worthies from Socrates to John Dewey.
With the rapid growth of the media in recent years, highly visible forums for discussion have multiplied, while greater academic specialization has yielded a growing number of narrowly trained scholars. Posner tracks these two trends to their inevitable intersection: a proliferation of modern academics commenting on topics outside their ken. The resulting scene–one of off-the-cuff pronouncements, erroneous predictions, and ignorant policy proposals–compares poorly with the performance of earlier public intellectuals, largely nonacademics whose erudition and breadth of knowledge were well suited to public discourse.
Leveling a balanced attack on liberal and conservative pundits alike, Posner describes the styles and genres, constraints and incentives, of the activity of public intellectuals. He identifies a market for this activity–one with recognizable patterns and conventions but an absence of quality controls. And he offers modest proposals for improving the performance of this market–and the quality of public discussion in America today.
Table of Contents
Preface, 2003
Introduction
Part One: General Theoretical and Empirical Analysis
1. Setting the Stage
2. The Market for Public Intellectuals
3. Care and Insight
4. Prediction and Influence
5. More Public, Less Intellectual
Part Two: Genre Studies
6. The Literary Critic as Public Intellectual
7. Political Satire
8. The Jeremiah School
9. The Public Philosopher
10. The Public Intellectual and the Law
Conclusion: Improving the Market
Epilogue, 2003
Acknowledgments
Index
Jun 20 2004
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Richard A. Posner, The Problematics of Moral and Legal Theory, Harvard University Press, 1999.
Ambitious legal thinkers have become mesmerized by moral philosophy, believing that great figures in the philosophical tradition hold the keys to understanding and improving law and justice and even to resolving the most contentious issues of constitutional law. They are wrong, contends Richard Posner in this book. Posner characterizes the current preoccupation with moral and constitutional theory as the latest form of legal mystification–an evasion of the real need of American law, which is for a greater understanding of the social, economic, and political facts out of which great legal controversies arise. In pursuit of that understanding, Posner advocates a rebuilding of the law on the pragmatic basis of open-minded and systematic empirical inquiry and the rejection of cant and nostalgia–the true professionalism foreseen by Holmes a century ago.
A bracing book that pulls no punches and leaves no pieties unpunctured or sacred cows unkicked, The Problematics of Moral and Legal Theory offers a sweeping tour of the current scene in legal studies–and a hopeful prospect for its future.
Table of Contents
PART 1: THE WRONG TURN
1. Moral Theory
Introduction: From Moral Realism to Pragmatic Moral Skepticism
Understanding Morality
The Academic Moralist and the Moral Entrepreneur
Professionalism’s Cold Grip
2. Legal Theory, Moral Themes
Jurisprudence and Moral Theory
Moral Theory Applied Directly to Law
Some Famous “Moral” Cases
Constitutional Theory
PART 2: THE WAY OUT
3. Professionalism
The Two Professionalisms
The Supersession Thesis
4. Pragmatism
The Pragmatic Approach to Law
Postmodernism Distinguished
Some Institutional Implications of Legal Pragmatism
Index
Jun 15 2004
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Jun 9 2004
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中文书讯 1 Comment
高鸿钧:《现代法治的出路》,清华大学出版社,2003年12月,397页。
Jun 8 2004
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冯象:《政法笔记》,江苏人民出版社,2004年1月,314页。
Jun 3 2004
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中文书讯 No Comments
冯象:《玻璃岛——亚瑟与我三千年》,生活·读书·新知三联书店,2003年3月,270页。
《玻璃岛·前言》(节选):
这本小书讲的故事,取材于亚瑟王传奇和我的亲身经历。亚瑟王传奇是中古欧洲文学的瑰宝,在西方流传之广,大概仅次于《圣经》、莎士比亚。至今,各种新潮和通俗的文艺形式的改编再现,从好莱坞影视、百老汇歌舞到漫画书、木偶戏,仍层出不穷。传奇中的角色原型和情节母题,大都可追溯到古代凯尔特人的历史和神话。凯尔特人现在是欧洲的小民族,但在上古时代曾遍及欧洲大部,西至不列颠岛(今英国),东抵小亚细亚。他们的事功和风俗最早见于希腊史家的记述,希腊人称这些金发碧眼、肤色白皙、慷慨性急而多才多艺的“蛮族”为Keltoi;于是有了“凯尔特”这个名字。可是,罗马帝国的兴起和统治,日耳曼诸部的南下扩张,大大压缩了凯尔特人的领土。到了亚瑟王传奇的鼎盛期(十二、十三世纪),凯尔特人的家园就只剩下不列颠岛的西部(威尔士)和北端(苏格兰高地)、爱尔兰以及英吉利海峡对岸的法国西北一隅(不列塔尼)了。亚瑟是五、六世纪之交领导不列颠人抵抗侵略者的统帅。不难想见,他的英雄业绩和崇高理想,是如何深受百姓爱戴而传颂四方的(见《尾声》)。一个弱小民族,到了生死存亡的关头,还能编织这样绚丽多彩的故事,确是世界文学史上的奇迹。因为故事中的亚瑟当了不列颠的王,所以在中世纪,亚瑟王传奇也叫“不列颠演义”(matiere de Bretagne)。这几个字是法语,亦即法国人的说法。当时在欧洲,法国的宫廷时尚和文学,跟现在铺天盖地宣传的美国这个美国那个差不多,是人们急于效法的。法国宫廷诗人采用浪漫传奇(roman)的体裁,向王公贵族,尤其宫中那些热爱文艺的夫人小姐,歌颂亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士;亚瑟王传奇便从此走出不列颠,跟“国际”接轨了(详见《法兰西的玛丽》)。
亚瑟王传奇在中国一直没有好好研究介绍,这不奇怪。因为中国人接轨“国际”,断断续续,几经波折,需要学习引进的洋故事洋思想排着长队,太多了!如今赶上《哈利·波特与魔法石》走红之后出版,也不算晚。我认识一位中国小姑娘,在附近一所有名的中学(布什总统的母校)念初二,精通亚瑟王故事,还喜欢拉丁语,四大本哈利·波特倒背如流。她告诉我,所谓“魔法石”,英国原版作“哲学家石”(也就是圆桌骑士寻找的玻璃岛圣杯在中世纪炼金术传统里的变相,见附录一《释名》,圣杯条)。可是出版商对美国人心存偏见,认定他们趣味肤浅,生怕封面印了“哲学家”三个字影响小说在美国的销路,就改称 sorcerer stone (巫师石):美国相当一部分人口是信巫术的。中译本不明底细,竟以讹传讹错上加错,变出一块她说离了谱还不“酷”的“魔法石”来。
这本小书一共讲九个故事,基本涵盖了亚瑟王传奇的主要人物和神话母题:亚瑟王与“地母”桂尼薇,湖夫人宁薇与“视者”墨林,“骑士冠”郎士洛与两位伊莲,加文爵士与绿骑士,哀生与金发玉色儿,圣杯与渔王,以及圆桌骑士为维护荣誉而分裂、决死的悲剧。就其运用阐发的西方文学典籍、凯尔特/希腊神话、历史和宗教文献而言,也可视为亚瑟王传奇在中国的第一次系统介绍。
书名《玻璃岛》,威尔士语ynis gutrin,典出凯尔特神话(见附录一《释名》,玻璃岛条)。还有一个道理:80年代初,有一次陪同外教去新疆旅游。一天,在暑气蒸腾的戈壁滩上欣然发现一座碧波环绕的小岛——海市蜃楼。我们的司机即形容小岛是玻璃造的,去到那里的人,无论多大本领、带几匹骆驼,没有一个活着回来。当然,凯尔特人的玻璃岛是出没在另一个自然和人文环境里的。关于它的传说,也就和那个难忘的司机朋友的故事不尽相似。古人说“海市”为蛟蜃之气所筑,蜃“状似蛇而大,有角,能呼气成楼台城郭之状”(《本草·鳞部》)。新世纪始于蛇年,我愿这本《玻璃岛》浮现在更多的读者面前。
Jun 2 2004
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苏力:《也许正在发生:转型中国的法学》,法律出版社,2004年5月,286页。
从制度的角度切入,本书考察了25年来作为转型中国的法治实践和制度建设的一个重要组成部分的中国法学的发展;是作者作为法学人对法学自身的一个反思和批评,拓展了法学的研究领域。
本书关心的是法学发展、变迁的总体格局和基本走势,以及支撑这种格局的潜在学术制度和社会背景问题。立足实证和经验研究,把当代中国法学的一些现象视为症状,作者试图诊断其中隐含的制度问题,力求在宏观透视和微观分析的交错中发现嵌在当代中国法学的知识类型转变、学术产出的数量和质量、学术翻译以及法学主流意识形态的变化等问题;分析了制约和影响法学发展和法学人的包括社会变迁、社会期待、学术传统等一系列社会因素。作者还提出了一系列有关法学研究之制度建设的建议。
这是一部有关中国法学现状的实证研究,也是一部理论著作;它既是一部法律社会学著作,也是一部有关法学研究社会学的知识社会学著作,是目前国内这类著作的第一部。
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